China Kiosk OEM/ODM: How to Buy Direct Without Losing Control

Buying a kiosk directly from China can reduce cost, shorten the path to a custom form factor, and give an operator or integrator far more control over branding, peripherals, and physical design. It can also create an expensive support problem if the buyer treats the transaction as an enclosure purchase instead of a controlled commercial-system program.

The key principle is simple: China sourcing is not a shortcut around engineering, compliance, quality control, cybersecurity, accessibility, or field service. The buyer that owns the specification, bill of materials, documentation, acceptance criteria, and lifecycle plan is far more likely to get a supportable kiosk. The buyer that accepts a low quotation and a few product photos may receive a kiosk that cannot be reproduced, repaired, certified, or supported two years later.

This guide is aimed at buyers of self-ordering, check-in, retail, healthcare, ticketing, payment, digital-signage, and public-facing kiosk systems. It applies whether the project is a 10-unit pilot, a regional rollout, or a multi-country deployment.

Table of Contents

Start With a Deployment Specification

The first mistake in kiosk procurement is sending a supplier a loose request for quote: “Need a 32-inch payment kiosk, please quote 100 units.” That request invites a supplier to fill in important engineering decisions on its own—and those decisions will often be based on component availability and unit price rather than your operating requirements.

Start with the deployment, not the cabinet.

Define the operating environment:

Indoor, semi-outdoor, or full outdoor deployment.
Ambient temperature, humidity, dust, cleaning chemicals, direct sunlight, and expected daily operating hours.
Public-access risk, vandal exposure, cable-pull risk, and the need for service access from the front or rear.
Wall mount, pedestal, counter, drive-thru, freestanding, or mobile-cart installation.
Required availability, response time for failures, and who will perform field service.
Target markets: United States, Canada, European Union, United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, Southeast Asia, or another specific geography.

Then define the user and transaction flow:

Is this a simple product-information kiosk, a self-order system, a healthcare check-in terminal, a ticketing machine, a return station, or an unattended payment endpoint?
Does it need a receipt printer, barcode scanner, RFID reader, camera, microphone, speaker, payment terminal, age-verification device, or document scanner?
Will it need accessibility features such as reachable controls, private audio, tactile indicators, screen-reader compatibility, alternative input paths, and wheelchair approach clearance?
Does it operate only on Ethernet, or does it require Wi-Fi, cellular, VPN access, secure remote management, and offline transaction behavior?
What happens when the printer jams, the payment terminal goes offline, the network fails, the screen stops responding, or the unit loses power?

A kiosk is not a metal cabinet with a screen. It is a commercial system made of mechanical, electrical, computing, peripheral, software, network, payment, and service decisions. If those decisions are not fixed before production, the factory will make them for you.

Choose the Right Supplier

Not every company that advertises kiosks is a manufacturer in the sense that matters to a deployment buyer. Some are true enclosure fabricators. Some are trading companies. Some are assemblers that integrate catalog components. Some are systems integrators with good application expertise but limited fabrication capability. Others sell a standard cabinet and describe small cosmetic changes as “full OEM/ODM.”

Those models are not automatically bad. The problem is assuming they all have the same control over design, supply chain, quality, and support.

A buyer should determine whether a prospective supplier can actually control:

Mechanical design, metal fabrication, welding, finishing, powder coating, glass, mounting, and packaging.
Electrical wiring, grounding, power distribution, cable routing, fuse selection, and internal serviceability.
Component sourcing, including displays, touch overlays, industrial PCs, embedded boards, printers, scanners, payment-device mounting, cameras, and network equipment.
Prototype development, design-for-manufacturing review, pilot production, production documentation, and engineering changes.
Final assembly, functional testing, burn-in, serial-number traceability, inspection records, and corrective-action processes.
Export packing, logistics coordination, spare-parts planning, warranty handling, and long-term component replacement.

Ask for evidence, not general claims.

A serious supplier should be able to provide factory photographs and videos tied to its real production process, sample inspection records, engineering drawings, a controlled bill of materials, quality-control procedures, example test fixtures, packaging specifications, and a clear description of how design changes are approved. A factory visit remains valuable, but a tour of fabrication equipment is not proof that the supplier can deliver a controlled kiosk system.

The practical test is this:

Can this supplier build the same approved system six months from now, document what changed, and support it after deployment?

If the answer is unclear, the risk is not limited to the first purchase order. It follows the program for its entire installed life.

OEM, ODM and Ownership

The terms OEM and ODM are used freely in the kiosk industry, often with little precision.

An OEM project generally means the buyer controls the product concept or specifications and the manufacturer builds it. The buyer may supply the industrial design, engineering package, selected components, or a detailed product requirement. In practice, OEM can range from a logo applied to a standard enclosure to a fully custom system built from buyer-controlled drawings and a locked bill of materials.

An ODM project generally means the supplier starts with an existing design platform and adapts it for the buyer. That can be a sensible path for a quick deployment, especially when the form factor is proven and only moderate customization is required. But the buyer must understand which parts are proprietary to the supplier and which design elements can be transferred or reproduced elsewhere.

The important question is not what label a supplier uses. The important question is:

Who owns the files, tooling, component choices, software configuration, and right to reproduce the product?

Before issuing a purchase order, define ownership of:

Mechanical drawings and 3D CAD files.
Sheet-metal and machining drawings.
Tooling, molds, jigs, fixtures, and test fixtures.
Powder-coat color standards, labeling, graphics, and packaging files.
Electrical schematics, wiring-harness drawings, grounding plan, and power-distribution design.
Bill of materials and approved component alternatives.
BIOS settings, operating-system images, device drivers, firmware versions, and recovery media.
Remote-monitoring credentials, network configuration, certificates, API keys, and administrative passwords.
Software source code or escrow arrangements where software ownership is relevant.
Certification reports, test evidence, risk assessments, instructions, and declarations.

The contract should prohibit unapproved substitutions. This is not a theoretical issue. During shortages or price swings, a factory may substitute a display, power supply, storage drive, touch controller, industrial PC, printer, or cable assembly that appears equivalent on paper but changes thermal behavior, driver stability, emissions, service stock, or compliance status.

Establish an engineering-change-notice process. Any change affecting mechanical dimensions, electrical design, approved components, firmware, software image, certification, packaging, or field-service procedure should require written buyer approval before it enters production.

“Same specification” is not enough. The buyer needs a controlled revision and a documented evidence trail.

DFM, Prototypes and Pilot Production

A custom kiosk should go through more than a cosmetic drawing review. It should undergo a Design for Manufacturing review before production tooling and mass purchasing begin.

DFM is where the concept becomes a product that can actually be built, assembled, shipped, installed, serviced, and reproduced.

A proper review should examine:

Structural rigidity, weld points, vibration, center of gravity, anchoring, and tip resistance.
Screen mounting, protective glass, airflow, heat paths, fan placement, filter access, and thermal margins.
Cable routing, strain relief, service loops, connector retention, grounding, and segregation of power and signal wiring.
Access to replace a display, touch overlay, PC, power supply, printer, scanner, payment terminal, or network device.
Door hinges, locks, keying, tamper points, pinch points, exposed fasteners, and public-access vulnerabilities.
Peripheral clearances and the physical user experience: scan angle, receipt retrieval, card presentation, cash access where applicable, audio, camera positioning, and cleaning.
Crating, palletization, shipping vibration, forklift handling, site installation, and replacement-part packing.

A prototype is not necessarily a production-ready kiosk. Buyers should distinguish among:

Appearance prototype: Demonstrates industrial design, finish, physical proportions, and user interface placement.
Engineering prototype: Tests the real components, power system, thermals, wiring, peripheral integration, and service-access design.
Production-intent pilot: Uses the intended materials, processes, suppliers, inspection methods, and final software image.
Production release: Occurs only after the pilot passes defined acceptance criteria.

The pilot should prove that the kiosk can operate under realistic conditions. A unit that looks good for ten minutes at a factory bench has not demonstrated continuous commercial readiness.

For a payment, healthcare, or public-access kiosk, a meaningful pilot may need to validate touch performance, display brightness, peripheral reliability, network recovery, payment device integration, printer recovery, device reboot behavior, software updates, remote monitoring, and thermal operation over an extended period.

Control the Bill of Materials

The enclosure gets most of the attention in a kiosk RFQ. The bill of materials determines much of the reliability, supportability, and lifecycle risk.

A buyer should not accept “Intel PC,” “commercial display,” “industrial touch,” or “thermal printer” as a sufficient specification. Those are categories, not controlled components.

The bill of materials should identify, at minimum:

Manufacturer, manufacturer part number, and approved revision.
Primary and alternate part rules.
Required certifications or approvals.
Expected availability and end-of-life status.
Warranty and replacement terms.
Firmware version where applicable.
Special mounting, cabling, or driver dependencies.
Field-replacement procedure and required spare quantity.

Compute platform

The compute platform needs the same discipline as the enclosure.

Specify the processor family, motherboard or embedded-PC model, RAM capacity and vendor rules, storage type and endurance, operating system, BIOS configuration, driver package, recovery image, remote-management method, security settings, and replacement procedure.

Intel-based systems remain common in Windows, Linux, digital-signage, retail, and edge-computing environments because of the surrounding ecosystem of embedded boards, commercial PCs, operating-system support, fleet tools, and peripheral drivers. But “Intel inside” does not guarantee a consistent deployment. Buyers still need to lock the actual board or system model, memory, storage, BIOS, OS image, and replacement path.

Giada is a relevant example of the layer that often gets overlooked. The company supplies embedded computing, digital-signage, and kiosk-oriented platforms, including systems designed for continuous commercial operation. That makes it useful as an example of why buyers should specify the embedded PC or board—not simply leave “computer” to the kiosk fabricator.[giadatech][kioskasia]

The compute system affects:

Thermal performance inside the kiosk.
Driver compatibility with touch, scanners, printers, cameras, and payment-related hardware.
Remote-management options.
OS-image reproducibility.
Replacement availability.
Security patching and firmware control.
The ability to repair a failed unit in the field.

Peripherals matter as much as screens

A kiosk is only as reliable as its most failure-prone device. For many deployments, that is not the display. It is the printer, scanner, payment terminal, card reader, camera, cash device, or network connection.

Define the exact peripheral ecosystem and service model. If the deployment depends on enterprise scanning, printing, RFID, or workforce workflows, validate the kiosk OEM’s experience integrating named components and maintaining them in a real operating environment.

Zebra is useful as a reference point here. Its kiosk portfolio covers uses such as price and inventory lookup, patient check-in, guest service, and returns, while its larger enterprise portfolio illustrates why peripheral integration is more than physically mounting a scanner or printer inside a cabinet.[zebra][zebra]

A scanner, RFID reader, or printer must be integrated with:

Correct power provision.
Cable retention and strain relief.
Driver and firmware compatibility.
Environmental protection.
Access for cleaning, paper loading, and replacement.
Remote health reporting where available.
Documented replacement procedures.
Available spares and lifecycle planning.

Mechanical integration is not operational integration.

Quality Control and Acceptance

Quality control should be defined before production begins—not after the container arrives.

A controlled production program generally includes:

Pre-production sample approval.
A “golden sample” retained by the buyer and supplier.
Incoming inspection of critical components.
In-process inspection at key assembly points.
Final inspection against approved drawings and functional requirements.
Serial-number or asset-tag traceability.
Documented rework and corrective-action procedures.
Packing inspection and shipping records.

For kiosks, the functional test plan should include more than turning the screen on.

Typical tests include:

Display function, brightness, color consistency, and dead-pixel criteria.
Touch accuracy, edge response, multi-touch behavior, and calibration.
Boot, reboot, power-loss recovery, and watchdog behavior.
Wired and wireless network connectivity.
USB, serial, Ethernet, audio, camera, and peripheral-device operation.
Printer feed, cutter operation, paper-low indication, jam recovery, and consumable access.
Scanner performance, read angle, lighting condition, and cable integrity.
Payment-terminal mounting, power, communication, and transaction-path integration where applicable.
Thermal performance during prolonged use.
Fan noise, airflow, filter access, and overheating protection.
Grounding continuity, electrical checks, and power-supply behavior.
Door alignment, locks, hinges, service access, and cosmetic finish.
Packaging integrity and shipping-vibration resistance.

Commercial kiosks should also receive burn-in testing. The exact duration depends on the design and deployment, but the objective is to catch infant mortality, thermal weaknesses, cable failures, peripheral faults, and unstable software before shipment.

Pre-shipment inspection is valuable, especially for a first production run or a new supplier. But an inspector can only verify the approved standard if the buyer has established one. A third-party inspection does not replace a detailed specification, sample approval, a locked BOM, and a functional test plan.

Compliance and Accessibility

Certification is one of the most misunderstood parts of kiosk sourcing.

A supplier may show component certificates for a power supply, display, embedded PC, or touch panel. That does not necessarily mean the completed kiosk, with its wiring, enclosure, power distribution, installed peripherals, thermal conditions, and final configuration, has been evaluated for the destination market.

For example, the UL Recognized Component Mark applies to components intended for use within a larger certified end product and is subject to defined conditions of acceptability. It should not be confused with finished-product certification.[ul]

The buyer needs a responsibility matrix that identifies who is responsible for:

Identifying applicable regulations, standards, and test requirements.
Selecting an appropriate certification laboratory.
Providing drawings, BOMs, risk analysis, labels, and technical documents.
Paying for testing, remediation, retesting, and certification maintenance.
Controlling design changes after certification.
Maintaining compliance records through the product lifecycle.

U.S. requirements

For U.S. deployments, the relevant requirements may include FCC electromagnetic-compatibility obligations, electrical-safety evaluation through the appropriate Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory path where required, state or local requirements, payment-device approvals, wireless approvals, and procurement-specific accessibility requirements.

The details depend on the kiosk’s use, electrical configuration, wireless radios, installed devices, customer contract, and location. There is no universal “one certificate” that covers every kiosk deployment.

European requirements

For European Union sales, CE marking is not a decorative logo or a generic factory certificate. The manufacturer is responsible for carrying out the conformity assessment, preparing technical documentation, issuing the EU Declaration of Conformity, and affixing the CE marking when the product falls within applicable EU legislation.[single-market-economy.ec.europa][single-market-economy.ec.europa]

EU technical documentation must support the product’s compliance and normally includes the design and manufacturing information, risk assessment, applicable rules and standards, critical components, test evidence, labeling, and user instructions. The documentation generally must be retained for ten years after the product is placed on the market, unless the applicable legislation specifies otherwise.[europa]

For a kiosk buyer, that means asking:

Which EU directives or regulations apply to this specific finished product?
What harmonized standards or other technical standards were used?
Who signs the Declaration of Conformity?
Which exact model and configuration does the evidence cover?
What happens if the display, power supply, computer, radio, or peripheral changes?
Who retains and can produce the technical file if authorities request it?

Accessibility is hardware and software

Accessibility cannot be reduced to a claim that a pedestal is “ADA compliant.” A public kiosk involves physical reach, knee and toe clearance where relevant, operable-part force, screen placement, tactile cues, contrast, glare, privacy, audio output, alternative interaction paths, software accessibility, and the ability to complete the transaction without excluding a user.

A physically reachable touchscreen does not solve the accessibility problem if the application cannot be navigated with assistive technology, has unreadable contrast, requires a time-limited gesture, gives no private audio alternative, or forces a person to perform an impossible physical action.

Accessibility should be part of product requirements, design review, prototype acceptance, and final validation—not a late-stage enclosure change.

Payments, Connectivity and Cybersecurity

Payment kiosks require an additional level of discipline. A card reader installed in a kiosk does not make the kiosk a payment-ready system.

Define responsibility for:

Payment-terminal selection and approval.
Acquirer, processor, gateway, and merchant relationships.
EMV and contactless certification requirements.
Terminal key-injection boundaries and secure handling.
PCI-related scope and application architecture.
Payment middleware, device drivers, logging, and error recovery.
Transaction receipts, privacy, and customer-support workflow.
Replacement procedures for failed or tampered devices.

The payment terminal should remain a controlled, approved device in the system. The kiosk manufacturer may provide the mechanical mount, cable routing, power arrangement, and physical security. A payment integrator, acquirer, or merchant may own other elements. Those boundaries must be written down.

The same applies to cybersecurity.

The buyer should establish:

Network segmentation and firewall rules.
Secure remote access and named administrator accounts.
VPN, certificate, and credential-management procedures.
Secure boot, BIOS passwords, TPM use where appropriate, and USB-port controls.
Operating-system patching responsibilities.
Antivirus or endpoint-protection requirements where appropriate.
Remote monitoring, logs, alerting, and incident escalation.
Software-update mechanism and rollback plan.
Recovery-image ownership and storage.
Vulnerability disclosure and remediation procedures.

A factory can ship a working kiosk. It cannot automatically deliver a secure and manageable field fleet unless those operational requirements are part of the program.

Plan Lead Times, Spares and Service

Kiosk lead times are not just factory production time. They include engineering, prototype review, component procurement, pilot production, testing, certification, packaging, ocean or air freight, customs, site readiness, installation, and commissioning.

The buyer should ask for separate timing for:

Engineering and DFM review.
Prototype fabrication.
Production-intent pilot.
Long-lead components.
Certification testing and remediation.
Mass production.
Inspection and packing.
Freight and customs.
Field installation and deployment.

Do not align a customer launch date with the factory’s optimistic assembly date. A finished kiosk in Shenzhen is not the same as an installed, configured, tested, operational kiosk at a customer site.

For the first production order, buy a planned spare-parts package. The right quantity depends on fleet size, expected failure rates, location, service model, and the criticality of uptime, but the list commonly includes:

Displays and touch overlays.
Embedded PCs or motherboards.
Power supplies and power-distribution assemblies.
Printers and printer mechanisms.
Scanners, RFID devices, cameras, and speakers.
Cables, harnesses, fans, filters, locks, and hinges.
Payment-related mechanical mounting assemblies.
Replacement glass, bezels, labels, and service panels.

A warranty should identify far more than its duration. It should state who pays for diagnosis, freight, labor, advance replacement, repair, failed-unit return, root-cause analysis, and replacement of components unavailable in the field.

Returning a kiosk to China for ordinary service is rarely a practical U.S. or European support model. A credible program normally needs local spare stock, a depot-repair plan, trained technicians or partners, clear field-replaceable units, and a documented escalation path.

Documentation Is the Deliverable

A buyer should treat documentation as part of the product, not as an optional afterthought.

Before final production release, require a complete handover package that includes:

Approved bill of materials and approved-alternate rules.
Mechanical drawings and 3D CAD files where contractually appropriate.
Electrical schematics, wiring diagrams, grounding plan, and cable-harness documentation.
Assembly instructions and service manuals.
Functional test plan, QC records, and burn-in records.
Serial-number and component-traceability information.
Software image, firmware versions, drivers, and recovery procedures.
BIOS configuration and remote-management setup.
Administrative credentials, certificate ownership, and account-transfer process.
Compliance documentation, test reports, labels, risk assessments, instructions, and declarations.
Packaging specification, pallet layout, shipping marks, and spare-parts list.
Engineering-change history and end-of-life notification process.

The document package should be version controlled. If a supplier cannot identify which drawing revision, BOM revision, firmware version, and test procedure were used on a particular serial number, the buyer does not have meaningful control of the product.

A Shenzhen OEM Example: What to Validate

BestKiosk is a relevant example of the kind of Shenzhen-based supplier a buyer may evaluate for custom self-service hardware. KioskAsia describes the company as a specialized manufacturer of custom self-service systems, including check-in, self-ordering, healthcare-triage, digital-signage, and payment-oriented kiosk hardware, with OEM/ODM capabilities for global markets.[kioskasia][kioskasia]

That positioning makes BestKiosk appropriate for a supplier profile and for a practical example in a China-sourcing guide. It does not eliminate the buyer’s responsibility to validate the actual project.

A buyer considering BestKiosk—or any similar custom OEM/ODM supplier—should still ask for evidence of:

The engineering process for the specific kiosk category.
Prototype and production-intent sample process.
In-house versus outsourced fabrication and assembly steps.
Component-sourcing policy and alternate-part control.
Quality-control plan, test records, and burn-in process.
Finished-system compliance evidence for the target market.
Payment-terminal and enterprise-peripheral integration experience where applicable.
Documentation deliverables and intellectual-property ownership.
Warranty terms, spare-parts program, U.S. or local service options, and escalation procedures.
Comparable deployments that can be independently validated.

The point is not to find a supplier that claims to do everything. It is to find a supplier whose actual capabilities, documentation, controls, and support model match the risk profile of the deployment.

Before You Release the PO

Do not release a production purchase order until you have all of the following:

A signed product requirement and approved final configuration.
Approved mechanical drawings, electrical documentation, and service-access design.
A locked BOM with manufacturer part numbers and substitution rules.
An approved prototype or production-intent pilot.
Defined functional, cosmetic, and burn-in acceptance criteria.
A written quality-control and inspection plan.
An engineering-change-notice process.
A certification and compliance responsibility matrix.
A documented accessibility review where public use requires it.
Payment, network, cybersecurity, and remote-management ownership clearly assigned.
Warranty, spares, field-service, and return-material procedures.
A complete documentation-delivery list.
Tooling, drawings, software, credential, and intellectual-property ownership terms.
Production, freight, and deployment schedule with realistic contingencies.

Conclusion

Direct sourcing from China can be an effective way to buy kiosks, digital-signage enclosures, check-in systems, payment hardware, and other custom self-service equipment. It can provide real advantages in fabrication flexibility, speed, customization, and unit economics.

But the winning strategy is not “find the lowest factory quote.” It is to retain control of the system.

The buyer must control the design, bill of materials, substitute-part rules, prototype process, test plan, compliance evidence, accessibility requirements, software image, remote-access model, warranty, spare parts, and documentation. The supplier must be able to demonstrate repeatable engineering and production discipline—not merely show attractive cabinet photographs.

The real question is not whether a factory can build your kiosk. It is whether you can reproduce, certify, repair, support, and evolve that kiosk after it enters the field.

FAQ

What is the difference between kiosk OEM and ODM?

OEM generally means the buyer brings a specification, design, or product requirement and the manufacturer builds it. ODM generally means the supplier starts from an existing product platform and adapts it for the buyer. In either case, define who owns drawings, tooling, BOMs, firmware, software configuration, and rights to reproduce the product.

Can I order a small quantity from a China kiosk manufacturer?

Usually, yes, especially for a prototype or pilot. Small quantities may carry higher unit prices, engineering charges, and limited customization. A buyer should distinguish clearly between an appearance prototype, an engineering prototype, a production-intent pilot, and a true production run.

How long does a custom kiosk take to manufacture?

The total timeline includes design review, DFM, prototype development, component purchasing, pilot production, testing, certification where required, mass production, inspection, freight, customs, installation, and commissioning. Factory assembly time is only one part of the schedule.

Who is responsible for FCC, CE or safety compliance?

The answer must be written into the contract. For CE-marked products, the manufacturer is responsible for conformity assessment, technical documentation, the EU Declaration of Conformity, and affixing the mark when applicable. For any market, clarify who funds testing, supplies documentation, owns the evidence, controls changes, and responds if a design modification affects compliance.[single-market-economy.ec.europa][single-market-economy.ec.europa]

Why are component certificates not enough?

Components such as power supplies, displays, and embedded PCs may have their own approvals, but the finished kiosk has its own enclosure, wiring, grounding, thermal behavior, installed peripherals, and configuration. A UL Recognized Component, for example, is assessed for use within a larger certified end product under specified conditions; it is not automatically a finished-product approval.[ul]

How can I verify that a China kiosk supplier is a real manufacturer?

Ask for a controlled factory review, production-process evidence, engineering documentation, sample QC records, test fixtures, prototype examples, BOM controls, and customer references. Confirm which steps are performed in-house and which are outsourced. Then validate the supplier’s actual capability against the specific system you plan to buy.

How should warranty claims be handled for U.S. customers?

Avoid a warranty model that assumes failed kiosks will be returned to China. Define local spare stock, advance replacement, depot repair, field-replaceable modules, technician responsibilities, freight terms, root-cause analysis, and escalation timeframes before the first production order.

Notes From Craig

Used to be China was more willing to deal with low quantity — low cost deals. Not any more… If you are looking for a cheap custom unit then you are destined to fail yourself and your end customer. You will be referred to a competitor most likely. Sounds ruthless but done all the time…
Imagine in the U.S. — you are dealing with tariffs and raw product constraints. You have five large clients with 200+ unit production jobs on the floor. You come in and want champagne engineering at beer price for one unit. You are sand in the gears. You will get referred to competitor. Best you can do is understand.
For UL many US companies partner with Chinese and can handle that. UL is not cheap and but you do one and all the rest are done..
Always ask for credentials and experience.
Renderings are just that. When was the last time the hamburger you saw in the ad looked like what you got at the drive thru?
Some US companies can offer hybrid model now where certain elements are handled by Chinese.
Many companies have China manufacture the components but then assemble in desired country of origin. Acrelec makes parts in China and assembles them in France would be example.
Shipping from Vietnam is becoming more commonplace for Chinese companies

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